The Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection. In fact, it’s so common that it’s estimated every sexually active person in the U.S. will have HPV at some point in their life. However, despite this, it’s typically not well-known or understood by most folks. Here’s what to know about HPV:

·  HPV is often asymptomatic. When it does show symptoms, it typically appears as genital warts. However, there are hundreds of strains of HPV and some (typically the asymptomatic strains) can lead to cancer. Symptoms can appear years after the initial infection.

·  HPV is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact during sex.  Both oral sex and intercourse can easily pass HPV. 

·  It was previously thought that HPV could also be transmitted through casual contact, like handshaking, but there is little evidence to support this and more evidence to the contrary. Hand and foot warts are also caused by HPV, but these HPV strains are distinct from the types which are sexually transmitted and cause cancer. 

·  HPV is a leading cause of cervical cancer, but can also cause cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, and throat.

·  There is no cure for HPV, but it often resolves on its own within 1-2 years.

·  There is a vaccine that protects against the primary strains of HPV responsible for cancer and genital warts, named Gardasil. Since its emergence in 2006, it has decreased the incidences of genital warts and cervical cancer in young people by 70-90%. The CDC primarily recommends the Gardasil vaccine for anyone between the ages of 9 - 26. 

·  Aside from being vaccinated, you can protect yourself from HPV by using barrier methods such as condoms and dental dams during sex. 

·  While the Gardasil vaccine is effective, you should still be routinely screened for cervical cancer (pap tests) if you have a cervix and are between the ages of 21- 65.

You can learn more about HPV from the CDC and Planned Parenthood.